A Formal Model of Auditor Independence Risk

Although the published literature on auditor independence is extensive, an accepted comprehensive theory, framework or model of auditor independence risk does not exist. This paper develops a formal model of auditor independence risk that may be used to begin a more rigorous investigation of auditor independence and various factors that are thought to affect this risk. The sensitivity of the model to various influences on independence risk is assessed by developing a base-level model and then modifying the assumptions for that model. Three research questions are investigated: what is the impact on independence risk of a lack of auditor integrity, the influence of professional standards, and the combined impact of opportunity and incentives. Overall, analytical results show that integrity is the key variable in minimizing independence risk. In addition, in cases where integrity could be questioned, independence risk is positively impacted by professional standards that are perceived to be effective and potentially negatively impacted by certain client characteristics and auditor incentives.